DEFINITION:Energy is described by experts as "the ability to do work"
- Work is the transfer of energy
- And energy is the stuff that allows us to make changes
2 Types of Energy:
There are many different forms of energy. Gravitational Potential Energy (Ug), Kinetic (k), Elastic Potential (Us), Internal/Dissipated (Uint)
Gravitational Potential Energy (Ug)
- This form of energy is determined by the height and mass of an object because it is directly relating to gravity.
Kinetic (k)
- This form of energy occurs when energy is stored in the motion of a mass.
- It is measured by the speed/velocity of an object
- Mass does not have effects on kinetic energy
Elastic Potential (Us)
- Energy is stored in the distortion of an object
- This energy form is measured by the amount of compression or stretch of an object
- The amount of energy stored is relative to the spring constant. Greater the spring constant, the more amount of energy there will be with the same distance stretched because a greater force is needed to pull the elastic object back the same distance.
Internal/Dissipated (Uint)
- Energy is stored in the random motion on the molecular level of an objects composition
- Temperature = Average kinetic energy
Conservation and Transfer
Energy is always conserved in the universe, never lost or made, simply transferred between masses through three types of transfer.
3 types of transfers between systems. Working, Heating, and Radiation.
- Work is the transfer of energy
- And energy is the stuff that allows us to make changes
2 Types of Energy:
- Potential --> is a form of mechanical energy that is stored within an object at a position
- Kinetic --> also is a form of mechanical energy. This form of energy is generated by movement
There are many different forms of energy. Gravitational Potential Energy (Ug), Kinetic (k), Elastic Potential (Us), Internal/Dissipated (Uint)
Gravitational Potential Energy (Ug)
- This form of energy is determined by the height and mass of an object because it is directly relating to gravity.
Kinetic (k)
- This form of energy occurs when energy is stored in the motion of a mass.
- It is measured by the speed/velocity of an object
- Mass does not have effects on kinetic energy
Elastic Potential (Us)
- Energy is stored in the distortion of an object
- This energy form is measured by the amount of compression or stretch of an object
- The amount of energy stored is relative to the spring constant. Greater the spring constant, the more amount of energy there will be with the same distance stretched because a greater force is needed to pull the elastic object back the same distance.
Internal/Dissipated (Uint)
- Energy is stored in the random motion on the molecular level of an objects composition
- Temperature = Average kinetic energy
Conservation and Transfer
Energy is always conserved in the universe, never lost or made, simply transferred between masses through three types of transfer.
3 types of transfers between systems. Working, Heating, and Radiation.
- Working (w): Energy is transferred by an external/out of system push or pull.
- Heating (Q): A temperature difference between systems and surroundings causes energy to transfer from a warmer object to a cooler one HOT ---> COLD
- Radiation (R): Matter loses energy by radiating light, and it gains energy when it absorbs light.
Modeling Transfers of Energy
Knowing these three basic transfers of energy, one can fully understand the concept of the Energy Conservation Equation.
ENERGY CONSERVATION EQUATION ---> Einitial + W + Q + R = Efinal
The most widely used method of tracking how energy is transferred between systems is by using something called an... LOL Chart
By using two graphs and a circle in between to use to write the system, and placing the energy transfers involved on the x-axis, we can layout graphically how energy is transferred between system.